Family

Agelenidae

Funnel weavers build a flat, non-sticky sheet of silk with a tubular retreat at one edge, from which the spider rushes out to seize insects that stumble onto the sheet. The family includes the North American grass spiders of the genus Agelenopsis and the introduced hobo spider of the Pacific Northwest.

Diagnostic characters

  • Prominent posterior spinnerets projecting well beyond the abdomen, visible from above
  • Two dark longitudinal bands on the carapace
  • Long legs held so the body sits low over the sheet
  • Sheet web with a funnel retreat in grass, shrubs, window wells, or corners
  • Very rapid, direct running when flushed

Habitat and seasonality

Lawns and low shrubs, ground-level vegetation, retaining walls, window wells, garages, crawlspaces, and basement corners.

Sheets become conspicuous in late summer and autumn on dewy mornings. Males wander indoors in autumn seeking mates, which drives most household encounters.

Medical significance

Low. The hobo spider was formerly listed as a cause of necrotic lesions; that attribution has been withdrawn after controlled studies failed to reproduce dermonecrosis and epidemiological support collapsed.

Sheet web function

Unlike an orb, the agelenid sheet has no adhesive. It works as a vibration-transmitting platform and a physical obstacle. The spider waits at the mouth of the funnel with its legs in contact with the sheet, and a walking or landing insect produces vibrations that indicate both direction and distance. Strike times are among the fastest recorded for a web-building spider.

The hobo spider reassessment

Eratigena agrestis was introduced to the Pacific Northwest and was widely described through the 1990s and 2000s as a cause of necrotic arachnidism. Subsequent controlled envenomation studies in rabbits could not reproduce necrotic lesions, verified bite case series showed no necrosis, and the CDC removed the species from its list of venomous spiders in 2017. Current guidance treats hobo spider bites as clinically unremarkable.

Grass spiders in the landscape

Agelenopsis sheets in turf and low shrubbery become highly visible on dew-heavy autumn mornings, which regularly prompts reports of a sudden infestation. The webs were present through the season and only became optically obvious. No control is warranted; the genus is a significant consumer of lawn-dwelling insects.

Families most often confused with Agelenidae

FamilyHow to separate it
LycosidaeWolf spiders build no sheet web and have two enlarged forward-facing eyes
AmaurobiidaeHacklemesh weavers produce bluish cribellate silk and are smaller with stouter legs
HahniidaeDwarf sheet weavers have spinnerets arranged in a single transverse row

Profiled species in this family

SpeciesScientific nameMedical significance
Hobo SpiderEratigena agrestislow
Grass SpiderAgelenopsis spp.none
Giant House SpiderEratigena atricanone

References

  1. [1]World Spider Catalog, version 26 - Natural History Museum Bern. Accessed 2026-06-14.
  2. [2]Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, 2nd ed. - American Arachnological Society. Accessed 2026-06-14.
  3. [3]Venomous Spiders - CDC / NIOSH. Accessed 2026-06-14.